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Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System
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Concentric ring metal grating for generating radially polarized light.

Z Ghadyani1, I Vartiainen, I Harder

  • 1Institute for Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. zahra.ghadyani@physik.uni‐erlangen.de

Applied Optics
|June 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers designed and fabricated a subwavelength metal grating to convert circularly polarized light into radially polarized light for visible wavelengths. This optical element offers a novel method for polarization transformation in nanophotonics.

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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Circularly polarized light is crucial in various optical applications.
  • Efficiently transforming light polarization states is a key challenge in optics.
  • Subwavelength gratings offer unique light manipulation capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a subwavelength concentric ring metal grating.
  • To transform circularly polarized light into radially polarized light at a visible wavelength (632.8 nm).
  • To analyze the performance of the grating and compare it with theoretical predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a subwavelength concentric ring metal grating.
  • Fabrication using electron-beam lithography.
  • Experimental characterization of the polarization transformation.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of the metal grating.
  • Demonstration of the transformation of circularly polarized light to radially polarized light.
  • Comparison of experimental results with theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The subwavelength concentric ring metal grating is an effective element for generating radially polarized light.
  • Electron-beam lithography enables precise fabrication of such nanostructures.
  • The study discusses the advantages and disadvantages compared to alternative polarization transformation methods.