Calculation and evaluation of narcissus for diffractive surfaces in infrared systems

In infrared optical systems, the narcissus effect for diffractive surfaces should be calculated with specific diffraction orders based on the diffraction efficiency. It is shown in this work that the diffraction order of maximum diffraction efficiency varies with the change of the incident angle and wavelength of the backward-traced narcissus flux. Meanwhile, yni, which is the paraxial evaluation criterion of narcissus intensity for a refractive surface, is modified considering diffraction when a ray passes through diffractive surfaces, and a practical example has been given. The analysis can be used to calculate and control the narcissus intensity in infrared optical systems with diffractive surfaces.