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Vagina

Vagina

The vaginal canal is a tubular structure averaging about 10 cm in length that acts as the entryway to the female reproductive system and the passageway for menstrual flow and childbirth. The interior walls of the vagina exhibit concentric folds called rugae and are topped by an area known as the fornix, which connects with the protruding cervical portion of the uterus. This canal is comprised of an external fibrous layer, a muscular middle layer, and an inner lining with mucosal rugae, which...

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...

External Female Genitals

External Female Genitals

The vulva encompasses the external structures of the female reproductive system. At the forefront is the monpubis, a cushion of fatty tissue atop the pubic bone. Once puberty sets in, this area typically grows hair. Extending from just behind the mons pubis are the labia majora (labia = 'lips'; majora = 'larger'), which are larger skin fs olds coated with hair. Nestled within are the labia minora (labia = 'lips'; minora = 'smaller'), which are thinner, more pigmented, and hairless. While the...

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

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Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...

Accessory Ducts of the Male Reproductive System

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Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Published on: July 11, 2013

Rectovaginal fistulas.

Teresa H Debeche-Adams¹, Jaime L Bohl

¹Department of General Surgery, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery

|June 2, 2011

Summary

Rectovaginal fistulas, abnormal connections between the rectum and vagina, present challenging treatment due to high failure rates. An individualized approach considering fistula characteristics guides effective management strategies.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Gynecology
Surgical Innovation

Background:

Rectovaginal fistulas are abnormal tracts connecting the rectum and vagina.
These conditions cause significant patient distress and surgical challenges due to high recurrence rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline a systematic, individualized approach for managing rectovaginal fistulas.
To review current treatment options for rectovaginal fistulas.

Main Methods:

Discussion of treatment strategies based on fistula size, location, and cause.
Review of medical therapy, surgical techniques (flaps, plugs, ligation), and tissue interposition.

Main Results:

An individualized, systematic approach is crucial for effective rectovaginal fistula treatment.

Keywords:

Rectovaginal fistula advancement flap fistulotomy

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Published on: July 11, 2013

Various treatment options exist, each with specific indications.

Conclusions:

Tailoring treatment to individual fistula characteristics improves outcomes.
Comprehensive management involves selecting appropriate medical or surgical interventions.