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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...

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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

Published on: June 6, 2017

Cell cycle control of germ cell differentiation.

Cassy M Spiller1, Peter Koopman

  • 1Division of Molecular Genetics and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation
|June 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Germ cells are vital for reproduction and gene transmission. This study explores factors controlling germ cell proliferation and survival during development and sex differentiation in the embryonic gonads.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The germ cell lineage serves as a reservoir for reproductive stem cells and is crucial for genetic transmission across generations.
  • Germ cells are specified early in development and migrate to embryonic gonads for sex differentiation.
  • Germ cell development involves distinct cell cycle states influenced by the somatic gonadal environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss factors controlling germ cell proliferation and survival.
  • To examine germ cell specification and sex differentiation processes.
  • To understand the transition to distinct cell cycle states in developing germ cells.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on germ cell development.
  • Analysis of factors influencing germ cell proliferation and survival.
  • Examination of cell cycle regulation during gonadal differentiation.

Main Results:

  • XY germ cells in testes arrest mitotic proliferation and enter G(1)/G(0) from 12.5 days post coitum (dpc).
  • XX germ cells in ovaries enter prophase I of meiosis from 13.5 dpc.
  • Somatic gonadal environment directs germ cell sex differentiation and cell cycle status.

Conclusions:

  • Factors controlling germ cell proliferation and survival are critical during development.
  • Germ cell development is tightly regulated, leading to distinct fates in male and female gonads.
  • Understanding these processes is key to reproductive biology and developmental science.