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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...

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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...

Electrophoresis: Overview

Electrophoresis: Overview

Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
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Size-Exclusion Chromatography

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Published on: February 23, 2017

Conic electrophoretic concentrator for charged macromolecules.

Victor N Morozov¹, Yuri M Shlyapnikov, Jessica Kidd

¹Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia. vmorozov@gmu.edu

Analytical Chemistry

|June 3, 2011

Summary

This study introduces a novel electrophoresis technique using a conic dialysis cell to rapidly concentrate charged macromolecules like proteins. The method achieves significant concentration factors and high yields, enabling sensitive detection in biological samples.

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Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

Published on: February 23, 2017

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Biotechnology

Background:

Concentrating charged macromolecules is crucial for sensitive detection and analysis.
Existing methods can be time-consuming or inefficient.
There is a need for rapid and effective concentration techniques for biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a simple, rapid, and highly effective technique for concentrating charged macromolecules.
To demonstrate the utility of this technique for protein concentration and detection.
To apply the technique to analyze exhaled breath condensate (EBC).

Main Methods:

Electrophoresis in a conic dialysis membrane cell.
Utilizing a decreasing electrolyte level to concentrate macromolecules.
Harvesting concentrated proteins using chemically activated magnetic beads.
Employing a "reversed magnetic array" for antibody-based detection.

Main Results:

Proteins concentrated by a factor of ~100,000 within 12-15 minutes with 60-80% yield.
Successful harvesting and detection of concentrated proteins using magnetic beads and antibody microarrays.
Demonstrated detection of human immunoglobulin in exhaled breath condensate (EBC).

Conclusions:

The conic electrophoresis technique is a highly effective method for concentrating charged macromolecules.
This method enables sensitive detection of proteins and potentially other biomolecules in complex samples like EBC.
The technique has broad applications in diagnostics, pathogen detection, and protein crystallization.