Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
Published on: August 22, 2022
Bone remodeling surrounding primary teeth in skeletally immature dogs
Letitia E Randall1, F Michael Beck, Sarandeep S Huja
1Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
Objective:
To quantify remodeling in the bone surrounding fully erupted primary teeth and to compare bone remodeling in the primary and permanent dentitions.
Materials And Methods:
Two bone sections were obtained bilaterally from the maxilla and mandible of the primary molar region of approximately 5-month-old male beagle dogs. Histomorphometric methods were used to estimate the osteonal remodeling in the alveolar and basal regions of the tooth supporting bone. The following variables were calculated: mineral apposition rate (MAR, µm/d), mineralizing surface/bone surface (MS/BS, %), bone formation rate (BFR, %/y), and erosion surface/bone surface (ES/BS, %). Comparisons were made between jaws (maxilla vs mandible) and bone types (alveolar vs basal), and data analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer tests. Remodeling (BFR) surrounding primary teeth was compared to existing data from bone surrounding permanent teeth.
Results:
The mean and standard deviation BFR values (%/y) were as follows: mandibular alveolar, 44.10 (±26.89); maxillary alveolar, 3.54 (±3.57); mandibular basal, 22.65 (±14.65); and maxillary basal, 12.33 (±7.11). The mandibular BFR was significantly (P < .05) higher than the maxillary bone. The BFR of the alveolar bone of primary teeth was not significantly (P = .48) different from the alveolar bone supporting permanent teeth.
Conclusions:
The remodeling rate of alveolar bone in skeletally immature dogs was greater in the mandible than in the maxilla and remained unaltered between primary and permanent dentitions.
Related Concept Videos
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Bone Remodeling
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification
Bone Remodeling and Repair
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

