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Intra-operative cystoscopy in gynaecological surgery: a brief overview
Praveen L Indraratna1, Colin A Walsh, Kate H Moore
1Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Abstract:
Recent studies using universal cystoscopy have demonstrated a higher rate of urinary tract injury at major gynaecological procedures than previously thought. These injuries are associated with significant medical and medico-legal implications. The sensitivity of visual inspection is low and cystoscopic screening with intravenous dye improves detection. We review the evidence for intra-operative cystoscopy in gynaecology, with emphasis on rates of urinary tract injury and the use of intravenous contrast dye.
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Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...