Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis vaccination and risk for incident dementia among adults with down syndrome.

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease·2026
Same author

The safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of the self-amplifying mRNA COVID-19 vaccine GRT-R910 as a booster in healthy adults.

Vaccine·2026
Same author

Controlled human infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: practical considerations for clinical trials.

The Lancet. Microbe·2026
Same author

Th9 cells provide protective TB immunity.

Frontiers in immunology·2025
Same author

From Yesterday to Tomorrow: How Vaccine Platforms Have Shaped the Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2025
Same author

Delta inulin alone or combined with CpG oligonucleotide enhances antibody-dependent influenza vaccine protection in mice and nonhuman primate newborns.

Immunology and cell biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Optimizing vaccine development.

Daniel F Hoft1, Vladimir Brusic, Isaac G Sakala

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. hoftdf@slu.edu

Cellular Microbiology
|June 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing modern molecular vaccines involves many experts and unique challenges. This review outlines key considerations for creating effective vaccines against various pathogens.

More Related Videos

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

Optimization of In vitro Transcription Reaction for mRNA Production Using Chromatographic At-Line Monitoring
07:04

Optimization of In vitro Transcription Reaction for mRNA Production Using Chromatographic At-Line Monitoring

Published on: April 4, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

Optimization of In vitro Transcription Reaction for mRNA Production Using Chromatographic At-Line Monitoring
07:04

Optimization of In vitro Transcription Reaction for mRNA Production Using Chromatographic At-Line Monitoring

Published on: April 4, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Modern molecular vaccine development is an interdisciplinary endeavor.
  • It requires collaboration among basic scientists, immunologists, molecular biologists, clinical vaccinologists, bioinformaticians, and epidemiologists.
  • Each vaccine must be tailored to pathogen biology, disease characteristics, and target populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize major issues in molecular vaccine development.
  • To provide an overview of challenges from concept to delivery.
  • To present general concepts for designing ideal vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • It synthesizes information on vaccine development processes.
  • Key components and challenges are described.

Main Results:

  • Optimizing vaccine development requires careful consideration of numerous factors.
  • Vaccine design is pathogen-specific, disease-specific, and population-specific.
  • Generalizable concepts for ideal vaccine design are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Successful molecular vaccine development is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Understanding unique challenges is crucial for effective vaccine design and delivery.
  • The review offers insights into creating broadly protective vaccines.