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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust (Schistocerca Americana) Olfactory Circuits
12:13

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust (Schistocerca Americana) Olfactory Circuits

Published on: January 25, 2013

Insect olfactory coding and memory at multiple timescales.

Nitin Gupta1, Mark Stopfer

  • 1NIH-NICHD, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|June 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insects utilize learning for survival, with their olfactory systems demonstrating how memory and computation intertwine to process sensory information. This review highlights diverse insect memories and their computational roles.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

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Published on: January 25, 2013

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Insects exhibit learning capabilities crucial for survival, such as finding food and evading predators.
  • Their simple, manipulable nervous systems make them ideal models for studying sensory coding and memory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the integration of memory and computation in the insect olfactory system.
  • To explore how sensory experiences are encoded, decoded, and stored.
  • To emphasize the diversity of insect memories and their computational significance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on insect olfactory processing and memory.
  • Analysis of computational mechanisms underlying sensory coding.
  • Examination of memory storage and retrieval in insect neural circuits.

Main Results:

  • The insect olfactory system integrates memory with computation at multiple stages.
  • Individual neural components can store memories across different timescales (multiplexing).
  • Memory at a specific timescale can be distributed across various parts of the olfactory circuit.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding insect olfactory memory requires considering its computational context.
  • The interplay of memory and computation provides flexibility in sensory processing.
  • Insect olfactory systems showcase diverse memory strategies essential for adaptive behavior.