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Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

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Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

R Borie¹, C Danel, M-P Debray

¹Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de Compétences des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Paris, France.

European Respiratory Review : an Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society

|June 3, 2011

Summary

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease where surfactant builds up in the alveoli. Auto-immune PAP is most common, and while whole lung lavage is effective, new therapies are under investigation.

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Immunology
Radiology

Background:

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease characterized by surfactant accumulation in the alveoli.
Causes include genetic mutations, toxic inhalation, hematologic disorders, or autoimmune conditions targeting GM-CSF.
Autoimmune PAP, caused by anti-GM-CSF antibodies, is the most prevalent form, accounting for 90% of cases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) pathophysiology.
To discuss diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches for PAP.
To highlight areas for future research in PAP treatment.

Main Methods:

Literature review of PAP pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Analysis of diagnostic findings, including high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).
Evaluation of current and emerging therapeutic strategies, including whole lung lavage and novel targeted therapies.

Main Results:

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) often reveals a characteristic "crazy paving" pattern.
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings are crucial for diagnosing PAP in most instances.
Whole lung lavage is the most effective treatment, particularly for autoimmune PAP.

Conclusions:

While knowledge of PAP pathophysiology has advanced, therapeutic options require further improvement.
Novel therapies targeting alveolar macrophages and anti-GM-CSF antibodies show promise.
Continued research is essential to enhance PAP management and patient outcomes.