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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
03:19

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: June 21, 2024

Fetal megacystis: differential diagnosis.

Newton G Osborne1, Fernando Bonilla-Musoles, Luiz Eduardo Machado

  • 1Hospital Materno Infantile José Domingo de Obaldía, University of Panama, Panama. newtonosborne@aol.com

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
|June 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Sonography can reliably diagnose fetal megacystic bladder conditions. Detailed fetal anatomic surveys using 2D and 3D/4D ultrasound distinguish between prune belly syndrome, posterior urethral valves, and other diagnoses.

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Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
03:19

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: June 21, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Fetal Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Fetal megacystis, characterized by an enlarged fetal bladder, presents diagnostic challenges.
  • Accurate prenatal diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and counseling.
  • Distinguishing between various causes of fetal megacystis is essential for prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of sonographic characteristics in diagnosing fetal megacystic bladders.
  • To determine if specific sonographic findings can reliably differentiate between various fetal conditions causing megacystis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of 20 fetuses with megacystis over a 10-year period.
  • Analysis of sonographic records, including 2D, 3D/4D sonography, and advanced imaging techniques.
  • Key sonographic features assessed: keyhole sign, bladder thickness, amniotic fluid index, and fetal sex.

Main Results:

  • Seventeen male fetuses, 2 female, and 1 with ambiguous genitalia were identified.
  • All male fetuses initially diagnosed with prune belly syndrome showed specific findings.
  • The keyhole sign in male fetuses led to a revised diagnosis of megacystis secondary to posterior urethral valves in 10 cases.

Conclusions:

  • Sonographic evaluation, particularly detailed fetal anatomic surveys using 2D and 3D/4D techniques, is effective in diagnosing fetal megacystis.
  • Specific sonographic markers can reliably differentiate between prune belly syndrome, posterior urethral valves, urethral atresia, and megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome.
  • This approach aids in establishing the most likely diagnosis for fetuses with megacystic bladders.