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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...

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A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo
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Published on: May 16, 2020

Anthracycline cardiotoxicity.

Pierantonio Menna1, Odalys Gonzalez Paz, Massimo Chello

  • 1Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, CIR and Drug Sciences, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
|June 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anthracycline chemotherapy can cause heart damage, but understanding its mechanisms helps improve cancer treatment. Clinical strategies and lifestyle factors are key to managing this cardiotoxicity in survivors.

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Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
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Published on: January 7, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Anthracyclines are vital anticancer drugs with dose-dependent cardiotoxicity.
  • This toxicity is often worsened by other cancer therapies and can manifest long after treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of anthracycline cardiotoxicity.
  • To correlate molecular pathways with clinical cardiac dysfunction.
  • To inform strategies for improving anthracycline safety.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and biochemical mechanisms.
  • Analysis of oxidative stress and secondary alcohol metabolite hypotheses.
  • Correlation of preclinical and clinical findings.

Main Results:

  • Cardiotoxicity involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secondary alcohol metabolites.
  • Comorbidities and lifestyle choices significantly increase cardiotoxicity risk.
  • Drug interactions exacerbate cardiac damage.

Conclusions:

  • Anthracycline cardiotoxicity is multifactorial, influenced by genetics, comorbidities, lifestyle, and co-administered drugs.
  • Cardiotoxicity fears should not preclude necessary anthracycline use.
  • Available cardioprotective strategies should be implemented pragmatically.