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Related Concept Videos

Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Mismatch Repair01:36

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Mutations01:39

Mutations

Overview
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Mutations01:39

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Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing
10:36

Rare Event Detection Using Error-corrected DNA and RNA Sequencing

Published on: August 3, 2018

Pervasive multinucleotide mutational events in eukaryotes.

Daniel R Schrider1, Jonathan N Hourmozdi, Matthew W Hahn

  • 1Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|June 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multinucleotide mutations (MNMs), simultaneous substitutions in short DNA stretches, are a frequent and widespread process across eukaryotes. These findings suggest that previous interpretations of closely spaced mutations may need re-evaluation.

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Studying Ribonucleotide Incorporation: Strand-specific Detection of Ribonucleotides in the Yeast Genome and Measuring Ribonucleotide-induced Mutagenesis

Published on: July 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Mutational processes exhibit nonrandom patterns, such as transition/transversion ratios and CpG dinucleotide hypermutability.
  • Single-nucleotide mutations are often assumed to be independent events.
  • Multiple, closely spaced substitutions have been interpreted as evidence for selection or compensatory evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide evidence for a frequent and widespread multinucleotide mutational process across eukaryotes.
  • To challenge the assumption of independence for single-nucleotide mutations.
  • To inform the interpretation of sequence data by considering multinucleotide mutations (MNMs).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genomic data from mutation-accumulation experiments.
  • Examination of data from parent-offspring trios.
  • Investigation of human polymorphism data.

Main Results:

  • Simultaneous nucleotide substitutions within short DNA stretches (multinucleotide mutations or MNMs) were observed across species.
  • MNMs consistently account for approximately 3% of all nucleotide substitutions.
  • Evidence supports a frequent and widespread multinucleotide mutational process in eukaryotes.

Conclusions:

  • The assumption of independent single-nucleotide mutations may be incorrect.
  • Multinucleotide mutations are a significant factor in eukaryotic genomes.
  • Previous interpretations of clustered substitutions as solely adaptive may be unwarranted.