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Related Concept Videos

Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Insomnia

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Understanding Sleep01:11

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Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
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Insomnia and daytime cognitive performance: a meta-analysis.

Emilie Fortier-Brochu1, Simon Beaulieu-Bonneau, Hans Ivers

  • 1École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. emilie.fortier-brochu.1@ulaval.ca

Sleep Medicine Reviews
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Individuals with insomnia show measurable cognitive impairments in memory and executive functions. These deficits, though small to moderate, highlight the impact of insomnia on cognitive performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Insomnia is frequently associated with self-reported cognitive deficits.
  • Objective neuropsychological test findings in insomnia have been inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively synthesize evidence on cognitive performance differences between primary insomnia and normal sleepers.
  • To determine the magnitude of these differences across various neuropsychological measures.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 24 studies comparing adults with primary insomnia (n=639) and normal sleepers (n=558).
  • Extraction and classification of cognitive and psychomotor performance variables.
  • Calculation of effect sizes (Cohen's d) using a fixed effects model.

Main Results:

  • Significant small to moderate impairments in insomnia group for episodic memory (ES = -0.51), problem solving (ES = -0.42), and working memory (ES = -0.42 to -0.22).
  • No significant differences observed in general cognitive function, perceptual-motor skills, procedural learning, verbal functions, attention, and some executive functions.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with insomnia demonstrate performance deficits in episodic memory, working memory, and aspects of executive functioning.
  • These impairments are of small to moderate magnitude, warranting further research into clinical significance with ecologically valid measures.