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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

Lineage Commitment

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the process whereby stem cells:

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

Published on: December 28, 2015

"Let"-ing go with clonal expansion?

Linda M Resar¹, Robert A Brodsky

¹Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

|June 4, 2011

Summary

The high mobility group A2 protein lacking its 3' untranslated region (UTR) causes myeloproliferative disorders in mice. This genetic modification led to larger mice with increased blood cell counts and enlarged spleens.

Area of Science:

Hematology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

The high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) protein plays a role in cellular growth and differentiation.
The 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA is crucial for post-transcriptional regulation.

Discussion:

Overexpression of a truncated HMGA2 lacking the 3' UTR (Δhmga2) in transgenic mice induces significant physiological changes.
These changes include increased body weight and a myeloproliferative phenotype, characterized by elevated peripheral blood counts.

Key Insights:

Δhmga2 overexpression leads to splenomegaly (enlarged spleen) and a hypercellular bone marrow.
Erythroid colony formation occurs independently of erythropoietin, suggesting dysregulation of erythropoiesis.

Outlook:

More Related Videos

Clonogenic Assay: Adherent Cells

Clonogenic Assay: Adherent Cells

Published on: March 13, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

Published on: December 28, 2015

Clonogenic Assay: Adherent Cells

Clonogenic Assay: Adherent Cells

Published on: March 13, 2011

Further research into Δhmga2 function can elucidate mechanisms of myeloproliferative neoplasms.
Understanding the role of the 3' UTR in HMGA2 regulation may offer therapeutic targets.