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Bipolar prostheses: a critical review.

¹Department of Bioengineering, Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute, New York, NY 10o03.

Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute

|January 1, 1990

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Bipolar prostheses were designed to improve hip replacement outcomes over unipolar designs. However, clinical evidence has not yet confirmed their expected benefits in reducing complications like loosening or dislocation.

Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomedical engineering
Implant design

Background:

Unipolar fixed-head prostheses have limitations including loosening, dislocation, and head migration.
Bipolar prostheses were developed to address these shortcomings by introducing an additional site of motion.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of bipolar prostheses in overcoming the limitations of unipolar prostheses.
To determine if the additional motion in bipolar designs reduces loosening, dislocation, and head migration.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical series comparing bipolar and unipolar prostheses.
Analysis of reported outcomes related to implant stability and migration.

Main Results:

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Clinical series demonstrate success rates for bipolar prostheses comparable to unipolar prostheses.

The anticipated advantages of bipolar prostheses, such as reduced loosening and dislocation, have not been clearly demonstrated.

Conclusions:

While bipolar prostheses offer a theoretical advantage, current clinical evidence does not definitively support their superiority over unipolar designs.
Further research may be needed to clarify the specific benefits and indications for bipolar hip prostheses.