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Related Concept Videos

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into the...
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Published on: June 20, 2019

Semiconductor dendritic-linear block copolymers by nitroxide mediated radical polymerization.

Andreas S Lang1, Franz René Kogler, Michael Sommer

  • 1Applied Functional Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|June 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers report the first synthesis of a semiconductor hybrid diblock copolymer using nitroxide mediated radical polymerization (NMRP). This novel material combines p-type dendritic and n-type linear blocks for advanced electronic applications.

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
10:53

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Semiconductor hybrid diblock copolymers are crucial for advanced electronic devices.
  • Previous syntheses have limitations in controlling block type and architecture.
  • Developing novel synthetic routes for well-defined semiconductor polymers is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first synthesis of a semiconductor hybrid diblock copolymer.
  • To create a material combining p-type dendritic and n-type linear blocks.
  • To utilize nitroxide mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) for controlled synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Functionalization of a triphenylamine (TPA) bearing second generation polyether dendron ([G2]-OH) with an alkoxyamine.
  • Polymerization of perylene bisimide acrylate (PerAcr) via NMRP to form the n-type linear block.
  • Characterization using 1H NMR, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), UV-vis absorption spectrometry, photoluminescence, cyclic voltammetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA).

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of the hybrid block copolymer, [G2]-b-PPerAcr.
  • Confirmation of the block copolymer structure and molecular weight distribution via NMR and SEC.
  • Initial characterization of the material's optical, electrochemical, thermal, and photophysical properties.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a novel method for synthesizing p-type/n-type semiconductor hybrid diblock copolymers.
  • The synthesized [G2]-b-PPerAcr is a promising new material for organic electronics.
  • NMRP provides a viable route for creating complex semiconductor polymer architectures.