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Related Concept Videos

Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase01:21

Glycolysis: Preparatory Phase

In cellular metabolism (the complete breakdown of glucose to extract energy),  glycolysis is the first step. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glucose enters heterotrophic cells in two ways. One method is through secondary active transport, where the transport takes place against the glucose concentration gradient. The other mechanism uses a group of integral proteins called GLUT proteins, also known as glucose transporter proteins. These...
Glycolysis01:23

Glycolysis

Glycolysis, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, is a central metabolic pathway involved in glucose catabolism. It is highly conserved across most organisms, reflecting its fundamental role in cellular energy production. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and can function both in the presence and absence of oxygen, making it versatile for various organisms and environmental conditions.Stages of GlycolysisGlycolysis is a ten-step pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating a net gain of...
Glycolysis: Pay-off Phase01:25

Glycolysis: Pay-off Phase

So far, glycolysis has cost the cell two ATP molecules and produced two small, three-carbon sugar molecules. These molecules will proceed through the second half of the pathway, and sufficient energy will be extracted to pay back the two ATP molecules used as an initial investment and produce a profit for the cell of two additional ATP molecules and two even higher-energy NADH molecules.
Step 1 - 5: Glycolysis Preparatory Phase
The first phase of glycolysis has 5 steps where the glucose is...
Energy-requiring Steps of Glycolysis01:20

Energy-requiring Steps of Glycolysis

Glucose is the source of nearly all energy used by organisms. The first step of converting glucose into usable energy is called glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell over two phases: an energy-requiring phase and an energy-releasing phase. Over the first three steps, glucose is converted into different forms and attached to two phosphate groups donated by two ATP molecules, resulting in an unstable sugar. In the next two stages, the unstable sugar splits into two sugar...
What is Glycolysis?00:56

What is Glycolysis?

Overview
Cells make energy by breaking down macromolecules. Cellular respiration is the biochemical process that converts "food energy" (from the chemical bonds of macromolecules) into chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The first step of this tightly regulated and intricate process is glycolysis. The word glycolysis originates from the Latin glyco (sugar) and lysis (breakdown). Glycolysis serves two main intracellular functions: generating ATP and generating...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids
07:26

Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids

Published on: January 26, 2012

Glyceroneogenesis, the pathway that almost wasn't.

Richard W Hanson1, F John Ballard, Lea Reshef

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4539. rwh@case.edu.

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education : a Bimonthly Publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|June 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The discovery of glyceroneogenesis, a metabolic pathway, took decades to be recognized for its role in triglyceride recycling. Its biological importance is now gaining wider scientific acceptance in lipid metabolism research.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Metabolic Pathways
  • Lipid Metabolism

Background:

  • The discovery of glyceroneogenesis faced a significant delay in scientific recognition.
  • Its biological importance, particularly in triglyceride recycling, was not immediately understood.
  • The pathway remains underappreciated in mainstream lipid metabolism research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To recount the historical discovery of glyceroneogenesis.
  • To explain the thought processes behind proposing this metabolic pathway.
  • To explore reasons for its delayed acceptance and discuss its current resurgence.

Main Methods:

  • Historical narrative and personal recollection.
  • Analysis of the scientific reception of glyceroneogenesis.
  • Speculation on the evolving understanding of lipid metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Glyceroneogenesis was discovered but its significance took nearly 40 years to be appreciated.
  • The concept of triglyceride recycling, linked to this pathway, was slow to be adopted.
  • There are indications that the scientific community's view on glyceroneogenesis is changing.

Conclusions:

  • The story of glyceroneogenesis highlights how scientific concepts can be ahead of their time.
  • Delayed recognition was a significant factor in the pathway's history.
  • The evolving landscape of lipid metabolism research may finally be leading to wider acceptance of glyceroneogenesis.