Biochemical detection for direct bead surface analysis

A continuous-flow biochemical detection system is presented which recognizes biologically active compounds immobilized to solid phases. This approach can be used to screen, for example, solid-phase combinatorial libraries for lead compounds. Biochemical detection is performed by mixing a plug of a solid-phase suspension with labeled affinity protein. During a short reaction time, the labeled affinity protein will only bind to ligands, i.e., compounds with biological activity. Hereafter, the free and bound labels are separated by means of a hollow fiber module. Quantitation of the free label is performed with a conventional flow-through fluorescence detector. Total assay time amounts to less than 3 min. Biochemical detection for direct bead surface analysis was developed for two model systems. The first model system used fluorescence-labeled avidin as affinity protein and its ligands biotin and iminobiotin immobilized to agarose as analytes. The second model system used fluorescence-labeled antisheep (Fab)(2) fragments as affinity protein and different IgGs immobilized to agarose as analytes. The feasibility of this approach for recognition of solid-phase immobilized ligands was documented by screening 50 samples with a 100% hit rate.