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Related Concept Videos

Leveling Equipment01:18

Leveling Equipment

As leveling involves measuring vertical distances relative to a horizontal line of sight, it requires a graduated rod, called a level rod, for vertical measurements and an instrument called a level for a horizontal sight line. A level includes a high-powered telescope with a mechanism for leveling to ensure the line of sight is horizontal when the bubble in the spirit level is centered. Leveling rods, made of wood, metal, or fiberglass, are graduated in feet or meters and commonly used in two-...
Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions01:10

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...
Distance Measurements by Taping01:18

Distance Measurements by Taping

Tapes are essential in surveying for accurate, durable, and short-distance measurements. Made from lightweight, nylon-coated steel, they offer flexibility and strength for rugged outdoor use. The nylon coating protects against rust and wear, extending the tape's life. Standard lengths, around 30 meters, are marked in meters and millimeters for precision.Surveyors select tapes based on site conditions and accuracy needs. Lightweight, nylon-coated tapes are commonly used for ease of handling and...
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Design and Use of an Apparatus for Presenting Graspable Objects in 3D Workspace
09:11

Design and Use of an Apparatus for Presenting Graspable Objects in 3D Workspace

Published on: August 8, 2019

Tool-use observation makes far objects ready-to-hand.

Marcello Costantini1, Ettore Ambrosini, Corrado Sinigaglia

  • 1Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. marcello.costantini@unich.it

Neuropsychologia
|June 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Observing tool use, not just performing it, can extend your sense of reachable space. This effect occurs when you can perform similar actions, aiding in coordinating actions with others.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Perception and Action

Background:

  • Active tool use is known to remap an agent's reaching space.
  • Previous research lacked evidence on whether observing tool use could also remap reaching space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if observing tool actions can remap reaching space.
  • To determine if tool-use observation impacts visual distance judgment.
  • To explore the conditions under which these effects occur.

Main Methods:

  • Six experiments were conducted to test the effects of observing tool use.
  • Participants observed actions performed with tools.
  • Conditions varied based on observer's ability to perform similar actions (e.g., holding a compatible tool).

Main Results:

  • Observing tool actions, like performing them, extended the representation of reaching space.
  • Tool-use observation influenced visual distance judgments.
  • These effects were contingent on observers possessing similar action potentialities as the agent.

Conclusions:

  • Observing tool use can shape spatial representations and influence perception.
  • Shared action potentialities are crucial for observational tool-use effects.
  • This suggests a mechanism for coordinating actions with others through shared spatial mapping.