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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
09:36

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

Published on: May 8, 2015

Tree seasonality in a warming climate.

Heikki Hänninen1, Karen Tanino

  • 1Plant Ecophysiology and Climate Change Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland. heikki.hanninen@helsinki.fi

Trends in Plant Science
|June 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate warming impacts plant phenology, but generalizations about growing seasons are limited for boreal and temperate trees. An updated model reveals delayed effects of climate change on tree annual cycles due to integrated ecophysiological processes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
09:36

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

Published on: May 8, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Plant Physiology
  • Climate Change Research

Background:

  • Plant phenology, particularly spring events, is increasingly studied under climate warming.
  • Projected longer growing seasons due to delayed autumn growth cessation are common, but may not apply universally.
  • Boreal and temperate trees exhibit complex annual cycles influenced by genetics and varied climatic conditions, challenging simple phenological models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the conceptual model of the annual cycle of boreal and temperate trees.
  • To identify key ecophysiological phenomena relevant to climate warming impacts.
  • To address limitations in current models regarding delayed effects within integrated tree annual cycles.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of ecophysiological studies on boreal and temperate trees.
  • Development of an updated integrated conceptual model of the annual cycle.
  • Identification of critical ecophysiological processes under climate warming.

Main Results:

  • Generalizations about extended growing seasons are insufficient for boreal and temperate trees.
  • Inter- and intraspecific genetic differences and varied climatic conditions create unique responses.
  • The annual cycle is an integrated system with delayed impacts of climate warming.

Conclusions:

  • An updated conceptual model is needed to accurately represent tree annual cycles under climate change.
  • Delayed impacts and integrated processes must be considered in future ecophysiological modeling.
  • Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for predicting forest responses to warming.