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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
09:37

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

Published on: July 12, 2022

Realignment capability of the nCPMG sequence.

P Le Roux1, G McKinnon, Y-F Yen

  • 1Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Palaiseau, France. patrick.leroux@med.ge.com

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|June 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The novel nCPMG pulse sequence achieves magnetization realignment, making spin echo amplitude insensitive to initial phase. This enables perfect driven equilibrium experiments without relaxation, proven experimentally.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • The nCPMG sequence utilizes phase modulation for spin echo amplitude insensitivity.
  • Its invertibility allows for perfect driven equilibrium experiments.
  • Magnetization realignment is effective for all three components, ensuring transparency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the theory and experimental proof of the nCPMG sequence's capabilities.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of magnetization realignment for driven equilibrium experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Phase modulation of the refocusing pulse train in the nCPMG sequence.
  • Theoretical analysis of magnetization behavior.
  • Experimental verification of perfect driven equilibrium and realignment.

Main Results:

  • The nCPMG sequence enables magnetization realignment for all three components.
  • Perfect driven equilibrium experiments are achievable in the absence of relaxation.
  • Experimental validation confirmed perfect realignment for pulse nutation angles between 130° and 230°.

Conclusions:

  • The nCPMG sequence offers a robust method for magnetization control in NMR.
  • This technique is crucial for advanced NMR experiments requiring precise magnetization states.
  • The demonstrated experimental proof supports the widespread adoption of this sequence.