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Measuring Membrane Lipid Turnover with the pH-sensitive Fluorescent Lipid Analog ND6

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Published on: July 29, 2021

Probing rotational viscosity in synaptic vesicles.

Maxwell B Zeigler¹, Peter B Allen, Daniel T Chiu

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Biophysical Journal

|June 7, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) significantly impacts vesicle viscosity. Removing SV2 or loading vesicles with glutamate reduces internal viscosity, revealing SV2

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biophysics
Cell Biology

Background:

Synaptic vesicles (SVs) are crucial for neurotransmission.
SV protein 2 (SV2) is hypothesized to form a gel-like matrix within SVs.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the rotational viscosity within individual synaptic vesicles.
To determine the role of SV2 in modulating SV internal viscosity.
To investigate the effect of neurotransmitter loading on SV viscosity.

Main Methods:

Measurement of steady-state rotational anisotropy of Oregon Green within individual SVs.
Determination of Oregon Green fluorescence lifetime in SVs.
Comparison of viscosity in wild-type (WT) vs. SV2 knock-out vesicles, and in empty vs. glutamate-loaded WT vesicles.

Main Results:

Mean rotational viscosity of WT empty SVs was 16.49 ± 0.12 cP.
Mean rotational viscosity of empty SV2 knock-out vesicles was 11.21 ± 0.12 cP.
Mean rotational viscosity of glutamate-loaded WT vesicles was 11.40 ± 0.65 cP.
Viscosity was significantly reduced in both empty SV2 knock-out and glutamate-loaded WT vesicles compared to empty WT SVs (p < 0.05).
This study measured viscosity in the smallest enclosed volume to date.

Conclusions:

SV2 is a key determinant of viscosity within the synaptic vesicle lumen.
Loading synaptic vesicles with glutamate decreases their internal viscosity.
These findings provide novel insights into the biophysical properties of synaptic vesicles and the role of SV2.