Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026
07:14
Automated, High-resolution Mobile Collection System for the Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of NOx
Published on: December 20, 2016
An automatic system for acidity determination based on sequential injection titration and the monosegmented flow
Joanna Kozak1, Marzena Wójtowicz, Nadzieja Gawenda
1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland. janiszew@chemia.uj.edu.pl
Talanta
|June 7, 2011
Summary
A novel automatic sequential injection system simplifies acidity determination using flow analysis and titration. This method offers accurate, repeatable results with minimal sample consumption for various acidic solutions.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Instrumental Analysis
Background:
- Acidity determination is crucial in various industries, including food and beverage.
- Traditional methods can be time-consuming and require significant sample volumes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an automated system for efficient and accurate acidity determination.
- To combine monosegmented flow analysis, sequential injection analysis, and sequential injection titration for enhanced analytical performance.
Main Methods:
- An automatic sequential injection system was designed and implemented.
- The system integrates sample dilution, standard preparation, and sequential injection titration.
- Spectrophotometric detection was employed for acetic, citric, and phosphoric acid determination using NaOH titrant and indicators.
Main Results:
- The system achieved accuracy better than 4.4% (RE) and repeatability better than 2.9% (RSD).
- It was successfully applied to determine total acidity in vinegars and soft drinks.
- The method demonstrated low sample consumption (less than 0.3 mL) and rapid analysis (several minutes per sample).
Conclusions:
- The proposed automatic sequential injection system provides a robust and efficient platform for acidity determination.
- This automated approach offers significant advantages in terms of accuracy, speed, and sample economy.
- The system's versatility makes it suitable for quality control in the food and beverage industry.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:26Acid–Base Titration: Overview
An acid-base titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base, using a titrant of known concentration–either a base for acid titration or an acid for base titration. The process involves gradually adding the titrant, leading to a predictable change in the pH of the solution. This change is plotted on a titration curve, showing how a solution's pH varies with the amount of titrant added. Such curves are instrumental in monitoring the titration's progress...
01:18Titration of Polyprotic Base with a Strong Acid
The titration of a polyprotic base such as sodium carbonate with a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid results in two equivalence points on the titration curve. At the first equivalence point, the carbonate ions in the base are completely converted to bicarbonate ions. The second equivalence point corresponds to the complete conversion of bicarbonate ions to carbonic acid, which dissociates into carbon dioxide and water. The region before the first equivalence point corresponds to the...
01:08Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base
Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
As a result, there is no simple...
01:23EDTA: Indirect and Alkalimetric Titration
Unlike direct titration, back-titration, and displacement titration, indirect titration is an EDTA titration method for quantifying anions. In the indirect titration method, anions are precipitated as their insoluble salts with excess metal ions. The filtrate containing the excess metal ions is directly titrated with standard EDTA until the endpoint is achieved. Another approach involves extracting the metal ion and back-titrating with standard EDTA to obtain the endpoint. In this way, the...
01:30Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base
In titrating a weak acid with a strong base, different calculation methods are applied at various stages. Initially, the pH of a weak acid like acetic acid is calculated using its dissociation constant (Ka) and an ICE table. Upon addition of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, a buffer forms, and its pH is determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. As more base is added and the titration reaches the halfway point, the pH becomes equal to the pKa of the acid, indicating equal...
01:19Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods
In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...