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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves
11:12

Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves

Published on: October 17, 2013

Transient, three-dimensional flow field simulation through a mechanical, trileaflet heart valve prosthesis.

Tim A S Kaufmann1, Torsten Linde, Elena Cuenca-Navalon

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Engineering, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. kaufmann@hia.rwth-aachen.de

ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)
|June 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Computational fluid dynamics revealed high shear rates in mechanical heart valve pivot regions, potentially activating platelets and causing thrombus formation. This study validates a simulation method for improving artificial heart valve design.

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Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves
11:12

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Published on: October 17, 2013

In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:16

In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: February 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Thromboembolic complications are a major challenge in artificial heart valve development.
  • Mechanical heart valves can increase thrombogenic potential and alter cardiac hydrodynamic performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model flow patterns in a trileaflet mechanical heart valve prosthesis using transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
  • To analyze flow-induced thrombus formation and validate numerical results against experimental data from the THIA II test rig.

Main Methods:

  • Transient CFD modeling of a trileaflet mechanical heart valve.
  • Simulation under THIA II test rig conditions, using experimental leaflet kinematics and pressure profiles as boundary conditions.
  • Analysis of flow, pressure, shear stress, and shear rates to assess thrombogenic potential.

Main Results:

  • High shear rates (up to 20,000 s⁻¹) were observed in pivot regions, potentially activating platelets.
  • Approximately 0.7% of blood volume experienced shear rates sufficient for platelet activation.
  • Pressure differences between simulation and experiment were ~2.5% during systole and up to 25% during diastole.

Conclusions:

  • The CFD method accurately mimics test rig conditions, enabling comparison of numerical and experimental results.
  • Pivot regions are critical areas for platelet activation and thrombus deposition.
  • This validated CFD approach can enhance the development of improved artificial heart valves.