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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Intense dynamic bullets in a periodic lattice.

P Panagiotopoulos¹, A Couairon, N K Efremidis

¹Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion, Greece. parisps@iesl.forth.gr

|June 7, 2011

Summary

Intense dynamic bullets form from femtosecond filamentation in a periodic air lattice. The lattice structure enables long-distance propagation by managing competing spatiotemporal effects in normal dispersion regions.

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Area of Science:

Nonlinear optics
Laser physics
Plasma physics

Background:

Femtosecond laser pulses can undergo filamentation in air, a nonlinear self-channeling process.
Periodic lattices can influence light propagation, but their effect on femtosecond filamentation is complex.
Understanding spatiotemporal dynamics is crucial for controlling intense light propagation.

Purpose of the Study:

To numerically investigate femtosecond filamentation within a periodic lattice in air.
To identify the mechanisms responsible for the stability and long propagation distance of resulting structures.
To explore the role of the lattice in mediating linear and nonlinear optical effects.

Main Methods:

Numerical simulations of femtosecond laser pulse propagation.
Modeling of light-matter interaction within a periodic refractive index lattice.
Analysis of spatiotemporal beam dynamics and energy distribution.

Main Results:

Formation of intense, dynamic bullet-like structures from femtosecond filamentation.
Observation of significantly extended propagation distances for these bullet structures.
Demonstration that the lattice regulates the balance between linear diffraction and nonlinear self-focusing effects.
Identification of normal dispersion as a key factor in bullet stability.

Conclusions:

Periodic lattices can stabilize femtosecond filamentation, creating robust, long-propagating bullet structures.
Lattice-induced regulation of competing optical effects is key to achieving extended propagation distances.
These findings offer potential for novel applications in nonlinear optics and laser-driven phenomena.