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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...

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Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model
12:23

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model

Published on: April 24, 2020

Bone marrow changes in osteoarthritis.

Thomas M Link1, Xiaojuan Li

  • 1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA. tmlink@radiology.ucsf.edu

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology
|June 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals bone marrow edema, a key indicator of osteoarthritis (OA) progression. This finding, linked to various pathologies and symptoms, highlights MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Orthopedics
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly vital for assessing osteoarthritis (OA) disease burden and progression.
  • Bone marrow edema pattern is a characteristic MR finding in OA, reflecting diverse underlying pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the histological characteristics, associated imaging findings, and clinical significance of bone marrow edema in osteoarthritis.
  • To establish bone marrow edema pattern as a key MRI biomarker in OA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of MRI findings in osteoarthritis patients.
  • Correlation of MR imaging features with histological examination of bone marrow edema.
  • Analysis of clinical data regarding pain associated with bone marrow edema.

Main Results:

  • Bone marrow edema pattern on MRI is histologically characterized by necrosis, fibrosis, microfractures, and remodeling.
  • MRI findings of bone marrow edema correlate with subchondral cysts, cartilage defects, meniscal degeneration, and insufficiency fractures, with size and prevalence linked to OA severity.
  • The clinical significance of bone marrow edema is debated, though some studies link it to pain.

Conclusions:

  • Bone marrow signal abnormalities, particularly edema patterns, are frequent and significant MRI findings in osteoarthritis.
  • These abnormalities represent a spectrum of pathologies and are associated with other OA features and potential clinical symptoms.