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Related Concept Videos

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

Electrophoresis: Overview

Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
There...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a column.

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector
07:57

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector

Published on: July 25, 2014

Separation of explosives using capillary electrochromatography.

C G Bailey1, C Yan

  • 1Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, Mail Stop 9671, Livermore, California 94551.

Analytical Chemistry
|June 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Capillary electrochromatography effectively separates 14 explosive compounds in under 7 minutes. This method offers high efficiency for forensic and environmental analysis of nitroaromatics and nitramines.

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Published on: April 23, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Separating structurally similar explosives is crucial for forensic and environmental analysis.
  • Reversed-phase liquid chromatography faces challenges in achieving complete separation of these compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the efficacy of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) for separating nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives.
  • To achieve rapid and high-resolution separation of 14 explosive compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) was employed for the separation.
  • A series of 14 nitroaromatic and nitramine explosive compounds were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Baseline resolution was achieved for all 14 compounds in under 7 minutes.
  • Separation efficiencies exceeded 500,000 theoretical plates/m.
  • Under more aggressive conditions, 13 of 14 compounds were separated in under 2 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • Capillary electrochromatography provides a rapid and highly efficient method for explosive compound separation.
  • CEC is a promising technique for forensic and environmental applications requiring explosives identification.