Effective concentration difference model to study the effect of various factors on the effective diffusion...

Cellulose acetate dialysis membrane (CDM) has been used in the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique, where accurate diffusion coefficients are essential for the assessment of the concentrations of labile metal in solution. Effective concentration difference model (ECDM), based on the assumption that the effective diffusion coefficient of metal ion in the dialysis membrane is determined by the effective concentration difference (ΔC(e)) across the dialysis membrane, is proposed and applied to study the effect of ionic strength, binding agent, ligands and Donnan potential on the effective diffusion coefficient. The effective diffusion coefficients of Cd(2+) through the dialysis membrane immersed in receptor solutions with binding agent were almost the same as those in receptor solutions without binding agent at higher ionic strengths (0.01-1 M) but much higher than those at lower ionic strengths (0.001-0.0001 M). The effective diffusion coefficients of Cd(2+) through the dialysis membrane immersed in deionized water receptor solutions with binding agent were not significantly different from those in synthetic receptor solutions (receptor solutions with various ionic strengths) with binding agent. The DGT-labile fractions were measured in synthetic solutions and natural waters, which indicated that the effective diffusion coefficients, through the dialysis membrane immersed in the deionized water solution with binding agent as receptor solution and in the spiked natural water as source solution, were more suitable for DGT application.