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Related Concept Videos

Anorexia Nervosa01:28

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
Symptoms and Physical Effects
Individuals with anorexia nervosa commonly exhibit extreme...
Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable options,...
Binge Eating Disorders01:23

Binge Eating Disorders

Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
Bulimia Nervosa01:30

Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the anxiety of...
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Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant

Narcissistic and avoidant personality traits represent two contrasting patterns of behavior that significantly influence social interactions and self-perception. While individuals with narcissistic disorder seek admiration and validation, individuals with avoidant personality disorder withdraw due to fear of judgment.
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A Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Eating Disorder Analysis and Diagnosis
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Published on: May 10, 2022

Approach and avoidance motivation in eating disorders.

Amy Harrison1, Janet Treasure, Luke D Smillie

  • 1Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Section of Eating Disorders, London, UK. amy.harrison@kcl.ac.uk

Psychiatry Research
|June 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with eating disorders (EDs) exhibit heightened sensitivity to punishment and reduced reward reactivity. These traits may indicate a personality predisposition for developing EDs, even in recovered individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Approach and avoidance processes are implicated in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs).
  • Understanding the role of behavioral inhibition and activation systems is crucial for ED research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between behavioral inhibition/activation systems, appetitive motivation, and eating disorders.
  • To differentiate between individuals with current EDs, recovered individuals, and healthy controls based on these psychological traits.

Main Methods:

  • Administered the Behavioural Inhibition System and Behavioural Activation System Scales (BIS/BAS) and Appetitive Motivation Scale (AMS).
  • Recruited 286 participants: 91 healthy controls (HCs), 121 with current EDs (AN or BN), and 74 recovered from EDs.
  • Utilized discriminant and classification analyses to compare groups.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with EDs showed higher punishment sensitivity and lower reward reactivity compared to controls.
  • Recovered individuals scored similarly to the acute ED group, except for higher BAS fun seeking than restrictive AN.
  • High punishment sensitivity and low reward sensitivity effectively distinguished healthy controls from ED groups.

Conclusions:

  • High punishment sensitivity and low reward reactivity/sensitivity may represent a personality trait cluster associated with ED risk.
  • Current findings suggest these traits are persistent, as recovered individuals were often misclassified with active EDs.
  • These personality dimensions offer potential targets for understanding and potentially preventing eating disorders.