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Stomatal architecture and evolution in basal angiosperms.

Kevin J Carpenter1

  • 1Department of Plant Sciences, Mail Stop 2, University of California-Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616 USA.

American Journal of Botany
|June 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study reveals the ancestral stomatal architecture of angiosperms, characterized by a blend of anomocytic and stephanocytic types. This foundational structure evolved into diverse stomatal patterns seen in early flowering plants.

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Area of Science:

  • Botany
  • Paleobotany
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Stomatal architecture, the arrangement of epidermal cells around stomata, is crucial for plant physiology and evolution.
  • Understanding stomatal diversity in basal angiosperms provides insights into early flowering plant evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and characterize the stomatal architecture of basal angiosperms, including ANITA grade families and Chloranthaceae.
  • To reconstruct the ancestral stomatal condition of angiosperms and trace its evolutionary trajectory.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopic examination of leaf clearings and cuticular preparations from 46 basal angiosperm species.
  • Coding of 100 stomata per specimen for type and architectural characters.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using MacClade software to infer character evolution.

Main Results:

  • Defined new stomatal types and documented species previously unillustrated.
  • Reconstructed the ancestral angiosperm stomatal condition as an anomo-stephanocytic state.
  • Identified tangential cell division as a key mechanism driving stomatal diversification.

Conclusions:

  • The anomo-stephanocytic ancestral state likely gave rise to the diverse stomatal patterns observed in early angiosperms.
  • Stomatal evolution in angiosperms is characterized by recurrent themes, particularly tangential division.
  • This study contributes to understanding the early diversification of flowering plants through stomatal morphology.