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Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
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Post herpetic neuralgia.

Annie Philip1, Rajbala Thakur

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. annie_philip@urmc.rochester.edu

Journal of Palliative Medicine
|June 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Effective post herpetic neuralgia (PHN) management requires a multidisciplinary approach. Prevention strategies and current pharmacotherapies, including anticonvulsants and antidepressants, offer options for this challenging neuropathic pain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Management
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Significant advancements in understanding post herpetic neuralgia (PHN) and other neuropathic pain conditions have occurred.
  • PHN serves as a model for managing neuropathic pain with unclear etiologies.
  • PHN research is crucial for extrapolating data in palliative medicine for mixed pain conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and prevention of PHN.
  • To discuss current therapeutic options, including mechanism of action, efficacy, safety, and tolerability.
  • To explain the rationale behind various PHN treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on PHN.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of clinical features and prevention strategies.

Main Results:

  • A multidisciplinary approach is most effective for managing PHN.
  • Prevention includes zoster vaccine, early antiviral therapy, and pain control.
  • Pharmacotherapy includes anticonvulsants, antidepressants, topical agents, and opioids.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated management strategies are essential for PHN.
  • Prevention is key, involving vaccination and prompt treatment.
  • Pharmacological and interventional options should be considered based on individual patient needs.