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Related Concept Videos

Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
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Importance of Need for Affiliation01:25

Importance of Need for Affiliation

The need for affiliation is a fundamental human motive that drives individuals to form and maintain interpersonal relationships. This universal drive varies in intensity among individuals due to genetic predispositions and life experiences, shaping it into a relatively stable personality trait. Social inclusion enhances emotional well-being by fulfilling the need for affiliation, whereas social exclusion leads to distress, negative emotions, and cognitive impairments.Psychological and Emotional...
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Social Relationships and Well-Being

The significance of social relationships in psychological well-being is a well-established area of inquiry within social psychology. Research consistently demonstrates that the presence of meaningful, supportive relationships enhances emotional health, while the absence or deterioration of such connections can contribute to psychological distress. Relationships serve as a foundation for emotional support, identity, and social belonging, all of which are critical to an individual’s overall...
Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
In- and Out-Groups01:31

In- and Out-Groups

People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety
04:20

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety

Published on: November 11, 2022

Social isolation.

John T Cacioppo1, Louise C Hawkley, Greg J Norman

  • 1Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA. Cacioppo@uchicago.edu

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|June 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Social isolation in humans and animals increases threat sensitivity and the drive to reconnect. This impacts physiological systems, contributing to health issues and mortality in older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Social Biology

Background:

  • Social species evolve complex mechanisms to support group living, essential for survival and reproduction.
  • Social isolation serves as a critical model for studying these underlying biological mechanisms.
  • Isolation impacts behavioral, neural, hormonal, cellular, and genetic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biological and behavioral consequences of social isolation.
  • To compare the effects of isolation in human and nonhuman social species.
  • To understand the link between isolation and health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence from human studies on perceived isolation.
  • Analysis of experimental isolation manipulations in nonhuman social species.

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Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes

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Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials
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Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials

Published on: November 15, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety
04:20

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety

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Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes
05:03

Social Threat-Safety Test Uncovers Psychosocial Stress-Related Phenotypes

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Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials
09:40

Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials

Published on: November 15, 2014

  • Examination of physiological and genetic responses to isolation.

    • Main Results:

    • Isolation enhances sensitivity to social threats and motivation to reconnect.
    • Shared physiological effects observed in humans and animals include increased sympathetic and HPA axis activity.
    • Isolation is associated with reduced immune and inflammatory control, impaired sleep, and altered gene expression.

    Conclusions:

    • Social isolation triggers conserved biological responses across species.
    • These physiological changes resulting from isolation contribute to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in older adults.
    • Understanding isolation's effects is crucial for public health and aging research.