Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026
10:57
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Protocols for Problematic Plant, Oomycete, and Fungal Samples
Published on: February 3, 2017
Piecing together the "new" Plantaginaceae.
D C Albach1, H M Meudt, B Oxelman
1Department of Higher Plant Systematics, Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Wien, Austria;
American Journal of Botany
|June 10, 2011
Summary
DNA sequence studies reveal Plantaginaceae
Area of Science:
- Molecular Phylogenetics
- Plant Taxonomy
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- The family Scrophulariaceae has undergone extensive revision, leading to the expansion of Plantaginaceae.
- Phylogenetic relationships within this enlarged clade require detailed investigation using molecular data.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the phylogenetic relationships within the Plantaginaceae family using DNA sequence data.
- To clarify the placement of specific tribes and genera, including Lindernieae and Gratioleae, and their relationships to Old and New World taxa.
Main Methods:
- Phylogenetic analysis of 47 Plantaginaceae members and seven outgroups.
- Utilized 3561 aligned characters from four DNA regions: nuclear ribosomal ITS, and plastid trnL-F, rps16 intron, and matK-trnK intron.
- Employed parsimony and Bayesian inference methods.
Main Results:
- Results support the removal of Lindernieae from Gratioleae, placing it outside Plantaginaceae.
- A paraphyletic group of New World genera is identified, with oil-rewarding taxa clustering together, sister to Ourisia.
- Gratioleae genera (Gratiola, Otacanthus, Bacopa, Stemodia, Scoparia, Mecardonia) are defined. Ellisiophyllum and Lafuentea are newly included in molecular analysis, with Ellisiophyllum sister to Sibthorpia and Lafuentea sister to Antirrhineae.
Conclusions:
- The study clarifies the complex evolutionary history and taxonomic நிலை of genera within the enlarged Plantaginaceae.
- Molecular data provide robust support for reclassifications, including the placement of Lindernieae and the relationships among Old and New World clades.
Related Concept Videos
02:26Non-vascular Seedless Plants
The diverse plant life on Earth—consisting of nearly 400,000 species—can be divided into three broad categories based on biological characteristics: nonvascular, seedless vascular, and seed plants.
03:40Introduction to Seed Plants
Most plants are seed plants—characterized by seeds, pollen, and reduced gametophytes. Seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms.
02:39The Angiosperm Life Cycle
Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.
03:24Seedless Vascular Plants
Seedless Vascular Plants Were the First Tall Plants on Earth
02:19Morphogenesis
Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
02:22Introduction to Plant Diversity
From Water to Land