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Related Concept Videos

Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
14:56

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics

Published on: April 6, 2019

Vaccines as a global imperative--a business perspective.

Jean Stéphenne1

  • 1GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium. jean.stephenne@gskbio.com

Health Affairs (Project Hope)
|June 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Vaccine advancements offer global health benefits. New strategies like tiered pricing and technology transfer are crucial for ensuring developing nations access life-saving vaccines for diseases such as pneumonia and malaria.

Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Global Health
  • Pharmaceutical Industry

Background:

  • Vaccines have undergone significant advancements over the past 30 years.
  • Vaccines are now recognized as a critical tool in global health and international development.
  • The pharmaceutical industry has seen substantial growth driven by vaccine innovation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel strategies for ensuring vaccine access in developing nations.
  • To address the challenge of distributing new and emerging vaccines globally.
  • To identify mechanisms for equitable distribution of life-saving vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Discusses tiered pricing models for differential vaccine costs based on economic development.
  • Highlights innovative financing mechanisms, including advance market commitments and long-term contracts.

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  • Examines technology transfer methods, such as intellectual property and production technique sharing.
  • Main Results:

    • Identified tiered pricing as a method to make vaccines affordable for diverse economies.
    • Recognized innovative financing as a means to incentivize vaccine production.
    • Emphasized technology transfer for broader vaccine manufacturing capabilities.

    Conclusions:

    • New vaccines for diseases like pneumonia, rotavirus, and malaria require innovative access strategies.
    • Collaborative approaches involving pricing, financing, and technology sharing are essential.
    • Ensuring global access to vaccines is vital for international development and public health.