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Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications

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Published on: June 29, 2020

Fatal rabies despite post-exposure prophylaxis.

D G Deshmukh¹, A S Damle, J K Bajaj

¹Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Panchakki Road, Aurangabad 431 001, Maharashtra, India. deshmukhdurgesh08@gmail.com

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology

|June 10, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis failure occurred in a 3-year-old boy despite vaccination. The child developed paralysis and succumbed, highlighting the importance of rabies immunoglobulin in Category III bites.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is crucial for preventing rabies after potential exposure.
Rabies PEP failure is rare, with limited documented cases in medical literature.
Category III bites require prompt and comprehensive rabies treatment, including vaccine and immunoglobulin.

Observation:

A 3-year-old boy sustained a Category III dog bite on his right thigh.
The child presented with progressive ascending paralysis, leading to quadriplegia and respiratory failure.
Typical rabies symptoms like hydrophobia and aerophobia were notably absent.

Findings:

The patient received four doses of antirabies cell culture vaccine but no rabies immunoglobulin.
Rabies diagnosis was confirmed post-mortem via Negri bodies, direct fluorescent antibody test, and RT-PCR.
The child died on the 23rd day following the dog bite due to rabies complications.

Implications:

This case underscores the critical need for rabies immunoglobulin in conjunction with vaccine for Category III exposures.
The absence of typical rabies symptoms in this case suggests a need for broader clinical awareness.
Ensuring timely and complete PEP is vital to prevent fatal rabies outcomes, especially in pediatric cases.