Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

Drug Biotransformation: Overview

Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and adolescence: How can we manage it?

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology·2020
Same author

Vitamin D supplementation: much ado about nothing.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology·2020
Same author

Role of vitamin K<sub>2</sub> in bone metabolism: a point of view and a short reappraisal of the literature.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology·2019
Same author

Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of chronic conditions.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2019
Same author

Consensus statement on the use of HRT in postmenopausal women in the management of osteoporosis by SIE, SIOMMMS and SIGO.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2018
Same author

Vasomotor symptoms in menopause: a biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk and other chronic diseases?

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

[Selective estrogen receptor modulators: focus on bazedoxifene].

S Lello1

  • 1Ginecologia Endocrinologica, Fisiopatologia della Menopausa ed Osteoporosi, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS Roma, Italia. lellostefano@libero.it

Minerva Ginecologica
|June 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) like Bazedoxifene Acetate (BZA) help prevent bone loss and reduce fracture risk in postmenopausal women. BZA is effective without stimulating breast or endometrial tissue, offering a safe option for managing osteoporosis.

More Related Videos

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats
08:56

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats
08:56

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Osteopenia and osteoporosis are significant concerns for postmenopausal women, increasing fracture risk.
  • Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) are crucial in managing these bone conditions.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of Bazedoxifene Acetate (BZA), a third-generation SERM, in preventing bone loss and reducing fracture risk in postmenopausal women.

Summary:

  • Bazedoxifene Acetate (BZA) demonstrated bone mass protection in osteopenic postmenopausal women.
  • BZA significantly reduced vertebral fracture risk in osteoporotic postmenopausal women.
  • A subgroup analysis indicated BZA decreased non-vertebral fracture risk compared to placebo in high-risk patients.
  • Crucially, BZA exhibited no adverse stimulating effects on endometrial or breast tissues.

Impact:

  • Bazedoxifene Acetate (BZA) presents a viable therapeutic option for managing osteopenia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
  • The findings support BZA's role in fracture risk reduction without concerning side effects on reproductive tissues.