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Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases

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Pulmonary zygomycosis: A clinicopathological study.

Sundaram Challa¹, Shantveer G Uppin, Megha S Uppin

¹Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Lung India : Official Organ of Indian Chest Society

|June 10, 2011

Summary

Pulmonary zygomycosis (PZ) is a rare fungal infection. Diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor for PZ, leading to high mortality rates in affected patients.

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus lung pathology zygomycosis

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Area of Science:

Medical Mycology
Infectious Diseases
Pulmonology

Background:

Zygomycosis, a fungal infection, is increasingly recognized globally.
Pulmonary zygomycosis (PZ) is a rare manifestation, with limited case series reported from India.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and outcomes of pulmonary zygomycosis in India.
To identify predisposing factors and associated mortality of PZ.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of histopathologically diagnosed PZ cases from 1995-2008.
Review of clinical, imaging, pathological, and microbiological data.
Assessment of treatment and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

Seven PZ cases were identified (6 males, 1 female); 6 had diabetes mellitus (DM), 1 had Hodgkin's lymphoma. Common symptoms included fever and cough.
Radiological findings showed consolidation (with/without cavitation) or lung abscess. DM patients often had upper lobe, multiple lesions.
Histopathology revealed necrotizing inflammation, hemorrhage, and angioinvasion. Rhizopus oryzae was identified in two cultures. Five patients died, two were lost to follow-up.

Conclusions:

Diabetes mellitus is the primary predisposing factor for pulmonary zygomycosis.
Pulmonary zygomycosis is associated with a high mortality rate.