Release of nitrogen and phosphorus from poultry litter amended with acidified biochar

Application of poultry litter (PL) to soil may lead to nitrogen (N) losses through ammonia (NH(3)) volatilization and to potential contamination of surface runoff with PL-derived phosphorus (P). Amending litter with acidified biochar may minimize these problems by decreasing litter pH and by retaining litter-derived P, respectively. This study evaluated the effect of acidified biochars from pine chips (PC) and peanut hulls (PH) on NH(3) losses and inorganic N and P released from surface-applied or incorporated PL. Poultry litter with or without acidified biochars was surface-applied or incorporated into the soil and incubated for 21 d. Volatilized NH(3) was determined by trapping it in acid. Inorganic N and P were determined by leaching the soil with 0.01 M of CaCl(2) during the study and by extracting it with 1 M KCl after incubation. Acidified biochars reduced NH(3) losses by 58 to 63% with surface-applied PL, and by 56 to 60% with incorporated PL. Except for PH biochar, which caused a small increase in leached NH(4) (+)-N with incorporated PL, acidified biochars had no effect on leached or KCl-extractable inorganic N and P from surface-applied or incorporated PL. These results suggest that acidified biochars may decrease NH(3) losses from PL but may not reduce the potential for P loss in surface runoff from soils receiving PL.