Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction

Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction

DefinitionDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by a triad of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >250 mg/dL), ketonemia or ketonuria, and metabolic acidosis (arterial pH <7.30 and serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L). It results from insulin deficiency combined with elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones—glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone—leading to increased lipolysis, hepatic ketone production, and...

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. It results from severe insulin deficiency and an excess of counterregulatory hormones, leading to uncontrolled lipolysis, ketogenesis, and widespread electrolyte and fluid disturbances.Pathophysiology The central event in DKA is a profound loss of insulin action. Without insulin, glucose uptake in insulin-dependent tissues is impaired, while hepatic glucose production...

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Evolutionary Patterns of Modularity in the Linkage Systems of the Skull in Wrasses and Parrotfish.

Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England)·2023

Same author

Ecomorphology of Neotropical Electric Fishes: An Integrative Approach to Testing the Relationships between Form, Function, and Trophic Ecology.

Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England)·2021

Same author

Longevity and mortality in Kennel Club registered dog breeds in the UK in 2014.

Canine genetics and epidemiology·2018

Same author

Preventing skeletal and neurological problems in guide dogs for the blind and other working dogs.

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)·2018

Same author

In vitro sperm quality and DNA integrity of SexedULTRA<sup>™</sup> sex-sorted sperm compared to non-sorted bovine sperm.

Theriogenology·2018

Same author

Large-scale survey to estimate the prevalence of disorders for 192 Kennel Club registered breeds.

Canine genetics and epidemiology·2017

Search research articles

Related Experiment Videos

A challenging case of malignant hypercalcaemia.

K M Evans¹, P K Chong

¹Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hengrave House, Torbay Hospital, Lawes Brige, Torquay, TQ2 7AA.

|June 10, 2011

Summary

Managing severe hypercalcaemia can be complex. This case report details treatment challenges and highlights haemodialysis for resistant cases.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Endocrinology
Internal Medicine

Background:

Hypercalcaemia management presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Severe symptomatic hypercalcaemia requires prompt and effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a challenging case of severe symptomatic hypercalcaemia.
To illustrate treatment options for severe hypercalcaemia.
To highlight the role of haemodialysis in refractory cases.

Main Methods:

Case report of a middle-aged male patient.
Management focused on biochemical and symptom control.
Diagnostic workup to establish the underlying cause.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

The patient presented with severe symptomatic hypercalcaemia.
Difficulties were encountered in achieving biochemical control and diagnosis.
Haemodialysis was utilized for treatment-resistant hypercalcaemia.

Conclusions:

Severe hypercalcaemia management can be complex and multifaceted.
A range of treatment options exist, including supportive and definitive therapies.
Haemodialysis is a valuable option for severe, treatment-resistant hypercalcaemia.