Cadmium is more toxic on volume bone mineral density than tissue bone mineral density

It has been showed that Cd induces low areal bone mineral density, but we do not know the effect of Cd on cubic bone density. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Cd on volumetric bone mineral density (VBMD) and tissue bone mineral density (TBMD) in male rats. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups that were given cadmium chloride by subcutaneous injection at doses of 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.5 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks, respectively. Then, microcomputed tomography scanning was performed on the proximal tibia, and region of interest was reconstructed using microview software. The VBMD, bone volume fraction of rats treated with 1.5 mg Cd/kg, were significantly decreased compared to control (p < 0.01). The trabecular numbers of rats exposed to Cd were all significantly decreased relative to control (p < 0.05). The trabecular separation of rats treated with 1.5 mg Cd/kg was obviously increased compared to control (p < 0.01). However, Cd had no obvious influence on TBMD. Cd induced low VBMD but not TBMD; Cd effect on bone may be related with trabecular bone loss but not with trabecular bone demineralization.