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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy01:24

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Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert Ellis's...
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...
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Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Step-by-Step Protocol
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Published on: November 21, 2025

What are evidence-based treatment recommendations?

C Barbui1, A Cipriani

  • 1Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. corrado.barbui@univr.it

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
|June 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

New methods for treatment recommendations now consider evidence, values, and feasibility. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology offers a structured approach to bridge research and clinical practice.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

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Published on: November 21, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Clinical practice guidelines
  • Evidence-based medicine

Background:

  • Developing effective treatment recommendations requires integrating diverse factors.
  • Existing methodologies may not fully address patient values and feasibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.
  • To illustrate how GRADE can inform treatment recommendations.
  • To highlight GRADE's role in connecting research to clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • The article outlines the principles of the GRADE methodology.
  • It discusses the systematic approach to assessing evidence, values, preferences, and feasibility.

Main Results:

  • The GRADE methodology provides a robust framework for guideline development.
  • It facilitates the creation of recommendations that are evidence-based and clinically relevant.

Conclusions:

  • The GRADE methodology offers a structured and comprehensive approach to developing treatment recommendations.
  • Implementing GRADE can enhance the translation of research findings into routine clinical care, improving patient outcomes.