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The global burden of cardiovascular disease
Christi Deaton1, Erika Sivarajan Froelicher, Lai Har Wu
1School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. mcdeaton@manchester.ac.uk
Insights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global mortality, projected to rise due to increasing risk factors. Effective prevention strategies, including population and high-risk approaches, are crucial to mitigate this growing public health crisis.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for approximately one-third of global deaths.
- Prevalence is increasing in both developing and developed nations.
- Key risk factors include dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, inactivity, poor diet, and smoking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide background on the global burden of CVD.
- To establish context for nursing interventions in CVD prevention.
- To highlight the need for enhanced strategies to control CVD risk factors.
Main Methods:
- This chapter reviews existing data on the global impact of CVD.
- It synthesizes information on prevalent CVD risk factors.
- It sets the stage for discussing nursing roles in future chapters.
Main Results:
- The global burden of CVD is substantial and increasing.
- Modifiable risk factors for CVD are widespread.
- Current prevention and control measures are insufficient, especially in developing countries.
Conclusions:
- A dual strategy combining population-wide and high-risk approaches is essential for CVD prevention.
- Urgent and expanded initiatives are required to combat the rising CVD epidemic.
- Nurses play a vital role in addressing CVD risk factors and reducing disease burden.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) today is responsible for approximately one-third of deaths worldwide, and that figure will surely increase in both developing and developed countries as risk factors for the disease-primarily dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, poor diet, and smoking-continue to increase. Although these risk factors are modifiable, to date there is a relative paucity of measures to prevent or control them, particularly in developing countries. A population strategy combined with a high-risk strategy for CVD prevention could greatly reduce the burden of disease in the coming decades. Many initiatives are working, but many more are needed. This chapter provides background on the global burden of CVD and provides the context for the subsequent chapters addressing nurses' roles in reversing the bleak predictions for the ravages of CVD if risk factors are left unchecked in the coming decades.
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