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Related Concept Videos

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce relaxation in these...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
Antiasthma Drugs: Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists01:20

Antiasthma Drugs: Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

Muscarinic receptor antagonists, also known as antimuscarinic agents, are a class of bronchodilators used to treat asthma, although they are more commonly used to treat COPD. They work by inhibiting the action of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter, on muscarinic receptors found in the airways.
Antimuscarinic agents compete with ACh for the same binding site on the muscarinic receptors. By binding to these receptors, they inhibit the downstream effects of ACh and block the parasympathetic...
Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and anaphylaxis:...

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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
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Published on: November 4, 2010

Controversies regarding long-acting β2-agonists.

Reena Khianey1, John Oppenheimer

  • 1UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|June 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-acting beta-agonists improve asthma control when added to inhaled corticosteroids but carry risks. Research is ongoing to identify patient subgroups who may not benefit or could experience adverse effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Pharmacology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Current asthma guidelines recommend long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) as add-on therapy for patients not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).
  • However, data suggest a potential increase in morbidity and mortality associated with LABA use.
  • This highlights a need to investigate factors influencing patient response to LABAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the efficacy and safety of long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) as add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).
  • To explore potential genotypic or phenotypic differences that may explain varied responses to LABAs in asthma patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining LABA efficacy and safety in asthma.
  • Analysis of current asthma treatment guidelines (GINA, NHLBI).
  • Examination of data regarding patient subgroups and their responses to LABA/ICS therapy.

Main Results:

  • Combination therapy of LABAs and ICS improves asthma control and reduces exacerbation rates.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential increased risks with LABAs, particularly in certain populations like steroid-naïve patients and African Americans.
  • Current evidence does not clearly identify genotypic or phenotypic factors explaining differential responses to LABAs.

Conclusions:

  • LABAs should not be used as monotherapy or without optimized inhaled corticosteroid doses.
  • While most asthmatics benefit from LABA addition, a subset may not experience benefits or could face risks.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the reasons for variable responses to long-acting beta-agonists in asthma management.