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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
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Allergic Reactions

Overview
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

Insect anaphylaxis: addressing clinical challenges.

James M Tracy1, Elena J Lewis, Jeffrey G Demain

  • 1Division of Allergy and Immunology and Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Associates, Omaha, Nebraska 68124, USA. jmtracy@cox.net

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|June 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Occult mast cell disease is crucial in insect sting anaphylaxis. Understanding mast cell disease, serum tryptase, and basophil biology aids diagnosis and management, especially when IgE tests are negative.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

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Published on: October 14, 2014

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation
04:34

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Published on: September 14, 2018

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
08:47

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction, can be triggered by foods, medications, or insect stings.
  • Insect sting allergy offers a unique model to study anaphylaxis biology.
  • Diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, yet some patients with clear histories lack positive diagnostic tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the biological underpinnings of insect sting anaphylaxis.
  • To investigate the role of occult mast cell disease in unexplained anaphylaxis.
  • To identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research on mast cell disease, mastocytosis, serum tryptase, and basophil activation.
  • Analysis of genetic markers for diagnosing at-risk individuals.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic utility of basophil activation tests.

Main Results:

  • Occult mast cell disease is implicated in insect sting anaphylaxis.
  • Serum tryptase levels and basophil biology are key factors.
  • Genetic markers and basophil activation show potential for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Mast cell disease, serum tryptase, and basophil biology are vital for understanding and managing insect allergy.
  • This knowledge improves management of patients with suspected anaphylaxis but negative IgE tests.
  • Omalizumab may benefit difficult cases; epinephrine underutilization remains a concern.