Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Published on: January 20, 2023
Effects of anaesthesia on the inflammatory response to injury
Grainne Nicholson1, George M Hall
1St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK.
Purpose Of Review:
The systemic inflammatory response to injury is essential for wound healing and recovery in concert with other endocrinological, metabolic and immunological changes. However, recent studies suggest that a hyperinflammatory state is associated with adverse perioperative outcomes. Therefore interventions that modulate the inflammatory response, surgical, anaesthetic and pharmacological, may enhance recovery with fewer complications.
Recent Findings:
Basic research on wound biology has shown the importance of genetic variability in determining the initial inflammatory response. Clinically, studies of cardiac surgery predominate in which genetic polymorphisms have been shown to result in a hyperinflammatory state.
Summary:
The use of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist to control wound pain and limit local inflammation is under consideration. The role of glucocorticoids in obtunding the inflammatory response to injury with improved outcome requires confirmation with better-quality trials. Systemic lidocaine is anti-inflammatory but is effective only in abdominal surgery. NSAIDs are neglected, despite their widespread clinical use and merit detailed investigation.
Related Concept Videos
Inflammatory Response
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
General Anesthesia: Overview
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

