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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are illustrated in Figure...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines01:12

Nomenclature of Secondary and Tertiary Amines

The secondary and tertiary amines are derivatives of ammonia, where two and three of its hydrogens are replaced by alkyl groups, respectively. Secondary and tertiary amines can be symmetrical with identical alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom or unsymmetrical when more than one type of alkyl group is present. The standard nomenclature of secondary and tertiary amines is similar to the names given to the primary amines. They are generally named alkylamines. As depicted in Figure 1, for...
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.

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Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules
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Published on: April 28, 2014

Pronounced sponge-like nanostructure in propylammonium nitrate.

Robert Hayes1, Silvia Imberti, Gregory G Warr

  • 1Centre for Organic Electronics, Chemistry Building, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|June 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Propylammonium nitrate (PAN) self-assembles into a unique bicontinuous nanostructure. This ionic liquid exhibits enhanced amphiphilic properties compared to similar compounds, driven by hydrogen bonding and alkyl chain interactions.

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Published on: November 2, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Ionic liquids are tunable solvents with diverse applications.
  • Understanding the nanoscale structure of ionic liquids is crucial for predicting their properties.
  • Propylammonium nitrate (PAN) is an ionic liquid whose bulk structure has not been fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the bulk structure of propylammonium nitrate (PAN) using neutron diffraction.
  • To investigate the self-assembly behavior and nanostructure of PAN.
  • To compare the nanostructure of PAN with related ionic liquids like EAN and EtAN.

Main Methods:

  • Neutron diffraction was employed to probe the bulk structure of PAN.
  • Empirical Potential Structure Refinement (EPSR) was used to fit the diffraction data.
  • Analysis focused on ion arrangements, hydrogen bonding, and alkyl chain interactions.

Main Results:

  • PAN self-assembles into a quasi-periodic, bicontinuous nanostructure, similar to an L(3)-sponge phase.
  • Evidence of hydrogen bonding between ammonium and nitrate groups was observed.
  • Strong alkyl chain aggregation and interdigitation were identified within the nanostructure.
  • The amphiphilic nanostructure of PAN is more pronounced than in EAN or EtAN.

Conclusions:

  • Propylammonium nitrate forms a complex, amphiphilic nanostructure.
  • Hydrogen bonding and alkyl chain behavior significantly influence the self-assembly of PAN.
  • PAN exhibits a more defined nanostructure than previously studied ethylammonium-based ionic liquids.