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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

Crossing Over

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...

Crossing Over

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Published on: July 11, 2025

Mapping of crossover sites using DNA microarrays.

Stacy Y Chen¹, Jennifer C Fung

¹Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. stacychen@gmail.com

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|June 11, 2011

Summary

Crossovers (COs) are vital for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis. This study introduces a DNA microarray method to map CO distribution genome-wide, enabling precise analysis of CO control mechanisms.

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Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

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Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Array CGH) for Detection of Genomic Copy Number Variants

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Published on: February 21, 2015

Area of Science:

Genetics and Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Reproductive Biology

Background:

Crossovers (COs) are crucial for proper chromosome alignment and segregation during meiosis I.
Failure to achieve sufficient COs can lead to nondisjunction and aneuploid gametes.
The precise regulation of CO number and distribution is essential for reproductive success.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a DNA microarray-based method for genome-wide mapping of crossover distribution.
To enable cell-by-cell analysis of crossover patterns.
To facilitate the study of crossover control mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Development of a DNA microarray assay.
Genome-wide mapping of crossover events.
Cell-by-cell analysis of crossover distribution.

Main Results:

The developed method allows for rapid and accurate mapping of CO distribution across the genome.
The technique enables analysis of crossover patterns on a single-cell level.
This approach provides insights into the regulation of crossover frequency and placement.

Conclusions:

A novel DNA microarray method has been established for high-throughput analysis of meiotic crossovers.
This technique is valuable for investigating the genetic and molecular factors controlling crossover distribution.
Understanding CO regulation is key to preventing aneuploidy and ensuring fertility.