Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Global Consensus Conference on Surgical Management of Primary Uterovaginal Prolapse and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Combining Evidence with Expert Opinion.

International urogynecology journal·2026
Same author

The pelvic floor dysfunction: Where obstetrics meets urogynecology.

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica·2026
Same author

Decision-Making in Refractory Overactive Bladder: Evaluation of a Novel Patient Decision Aid and its Impact on Decisional Conflict.

International urogynecology journal·2026
Same author

The use of topical vaginal estrogens in postpartum women: A systematic review.

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica·2026
Same author

How Can We Improve the Assessment and Indifferent Outcomes From Pelvic Organ Prolapse Management From Conservative and Surgical Therapies? ICI-RS 2025.

Neurourology and urodynamics·2026
Same author

Current practice of colposuspension in the United Kingdom: Results of a national survey.

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Estrogens and the lower urinary tract.

Dudley Robinson1, Linda Cardozo

  • 1Department of Urogynaecology, Kings College Hospital, London, UK. dudley.robinson@nhs.net

Neurourology and Urodynamics
|June 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oestrogen therapy can help manage urogenital atrophy and may offer benefits for postmenopausal urinary incontinence and bladder issues. Further research is needed to clarify its role in treating these conditions.

More Related Videos

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice
10:23

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice

Published on: December 1, 2017

Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice
10:23

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice

Published on: December 1, 2017

Real-Time Void Spot Assay
06:39

Real-Time Void Spot Assay

Published on: February 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Urology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The urogenital tract is sensitive to oestrogen and progesterone.
  • Oestrogen deficiency is linked to lower urinary tract symptoms after menopause.
  • Hormone therapy's role in postmenopausal urinary incontinence is debated, but it's established for urogenital atrophy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence on hormone therapy's urogenital effects.
  • To focus on managing postmenopausal urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, recurrent UTIs, and urogenital atrophy.
  • To identify priorities for future research in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence.
  • Focus on clinical studies and epidemiological data.
  • Synthesis of findings regarding hormone therapy and urogenital health.

Main Results:

  • Oestrogen therapy is well-established for urogenital atrophy.
  • Evidence for oestrogen therapy in postmenopausal urinary incontinence is controversial.
  • Hormone therapy's impact on overactive bladder and recurrent UTIs requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Hormone therapy is effective for urogenital atrophy.
  • More research is needed to establish optimal use for urinary incontinence and related conditions.
  • Future research should prioritize clarifying hormone therapy's benefits and risks in postmenopausal women.