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Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte properties and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
08:23

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 9, 2018

Subattomole-Sensitivity Microchip Nanoelectrospray Source with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Detection.

I M Lazar1, R S Ramsey, S Sundberg

  • 1Chemical and Analytical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6365, and Caliper Technologies Corporation, Mountain View, California 94043-2234.

Analytical Chemistry
|June 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a microfluidic device for sensitive, high-speed peptide and protein detection using electrospray ionization. The novel system achieves subattomole detection limits, advancing mass spectrometry applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
08:23

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 9, 2018

Leaf Spray Mass Spectrometry: A Rapid Ambient Ionization Technique to Directly Assess Metabolites from Plant Tissues
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Leaf Spray Mass Spectrometry: A Rapid Ambient Ionization Technique to Directly Assess Metabolites from Plant Tissues

Published on: June 21, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Sensitive detection of peptides and proteins is crucial for biological and clinical applications.
  • Traditional methods can be limited by sample consumption and analysis speed.
  • Integrating microfluidics with mass spectrometry offers potential for enhanced performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel microfluidic device for electrospray ionization (ESI) of dilute solutions.
  • To interface this device with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) for sensitive and high-speed analysis.
  • To evaluate the performance of the integrated system for peptide and protein detection.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a microfluidic chip with an integrated nanospray tip for ESI.
  • Application of electrospray voltage through the microchip to a nanospray capillary.
  • Delivery of fluids at 20-30 nL/min without external pressure assistance.
  • On-line microchip electrophoresis to assess band broadening at the capillary-chip junction.
  • Interfacing the device with a TOF-MS for spectral acquisition.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated sensitive detection of peptides and proteins at subattomole levels.
  • Achieved high-speed spectral acquisition rates of 50-100 spectra/s (10-20 ms per spectrum).
  • Confirmed low fluid delivery rates (20-30 nL/min) without pressure assistance.
  • Examined the impact of the capillary-chip junction on electrophoretic band broadening.

Conclusions:

  • The microfluidic ESI device coupled with TOF-MS enables highly sensitive and rapid analysis of peptides and proteins.
  • The system is suitable for dilute solutions and demonstrates potential for high-throughput biological sample analysis.
  • Further optimization of the capillary-chip junction can potentially minimize band broadening for improved separation efficiency.